Association of plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA and oropharyngeal Candida colonization. Gottfredsson M, Cox GM, Indridason OS, et al. The changing epidemiology of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with HIV/AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Patel PK, Erlandsen JE, Kirkpatrick WR, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. Changing prevalence of oral manifestations of human immuno-deficiency virus in the era of protease inhibitor therapy. Use of prophylactic antifungals in the immunocompromised host. Cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy and oral candidiasis. Oral manifestations in HIV infection: fungal and bacterial infections, Kaposi's sarcoma. Oral Candida colonization of human immunodeficiency virus infected subjects in Turkey and its relation with viral load and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Candidal carriage in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Candidal infections and populations of Candida albicans in mouths of diabetics. Tapper-Jones LM, Aldred MJ, Walker DM, et al. Oral mucositis and selective elimination of oral flora in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: a double-blind randomised clinical trial. Stokman MA, Spijkervet FK, Burlage FR,et al. Oral Candida albicans carriage in healthy preschool and school children. Rozkiewicz D, Daniluk T, Zaremba ML,et al. carriage in the oral cavity of denture wearers and individuals with natural teeth. Occurrence rate of oral Candida albicans in denture wearer patients. Daniluk T, Tokajuk G, Stokowska W, et al. Pediatric AIDS-related linear gingival erythema: a form of erythematous candidiasis? J Oral Pathol Med. Velegraki A, Nicolatou O, Theodoridou M, et al. New concepts regarding pathogenesis of periodontal disease in HIV infection. Lamster IB, Grbic JT, Mitchell-Lewis DA, et al. Robinson PG, Sheiham A, Challacombe SJ, et al. The periodontal health of homosexual men with HIV infection: a controlled study. Clotrimazole troches are effective, less expensive, and easier to self-administer than nystatin oral suspension.1. The cost of clotrimazole troches in the prophylactic doses given in this study was approximately one tenth that of nystatin oral suspension. Reasons given for withdrawal were the unpleasant taste of the drugs, or an inability to comply with the protocol. One patient chose to withdraw from the clotrimazole group, and eight patients withdrew from the nystatin group before completing 60 days of therapy ( P =.002). Adverse effects were infrequently seen in either group (one case of mild nausea in the clotrimazole group and three cases in the nystatin group). Both regimens were 100% effective in preventing the development of thrush in the patients studied. The two groups were comparable in age, sex, type of transplant, and amount of immunosuppression. Sixty assessable patients were randomized to receive either clotrimazole troches (n = 32) or nystatin oral suspension (n = 28) for a 60-day period after receiving a renal allograft. This study was performed as the troche form of clotrimazole was easier to administer and less costly than nystatin oral suspension. An open study designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of clotrimazole troches with nystatin oral suspension in the prevention of oropharyngeal candidiasis was conducted.
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